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Berehove
 (09-010.05-F) -  Shelf Number: MDV 365
 IUCAT




No streaming derivative is available.

Date: June 6, 2007 to June 7, 2007

Participants: Berkovich, Efraim; Hodinger, Vilk; Snook, Malke Leybovna; Shekhovich, Evgeniia Izrailovna; footage of Berehove. Interviewed by Dov-Ber Kerler and Moisei Lemster.

Location recorded: Berehove; Khust, Zakarpats'ka Oblast', Ukraine

Language: Yiddish

Culture Group: Jews, Yiddish-speakers, Ukrainians

 Recording Content:   

The first part of the recording is a formal interview with Malke Leybovna Snook, recorded in Khust. (see also Accession # 09-010.22-F MDV 484, 485, 487, 488, 489) She was born 1921 in Kolochava. The team enters her house in order to set up the formal interview. The conversation begins with her family. Her son was circumcised before the war. They then briefly discuss life before the war. She was imprisoned in Auschwitz. She raised a child from a deceased friend. In Auschwitz, the Germans snatched the child from her during the initial selection. The conversation turns to family and briefly postwar religious life. She then talks about her education. She studied at a technical college. Her father worked the land and they owned cattle. Snook then talks about the rebbe's grave in Bystrik and religious customs, such candle lighting. She then talks about holiday celebrations before the war and remembers a "gut vort" and blessings in Yiddish. The conversation turns to prewar occupations. She recalls gramers (wedding entertainers) at weddings. When they discuss learning Yiddish, Snook remembers that she organized a Yiddish teacher for her son. She studied at a religious school (cheder). The conversation turns to Jews farming land in her home village. They then discuss singing Yiddish songs, before she briefly talks about family and holiday celebrations. Her son lives in Israel. She got married in 1939. The conversations turns to returning home after the war. Her house was destroyed and her belongings taken. She moved to Khust twenty years ago. They then talk about the relationship between Jews and Christians before the war and religious life. She remembers Christians who spoke Yiddish. She recalls "gute yidn," from whom people sought advice. Snook then explains how to prevent the evil eye and the limited use of alcohol before the war. The conversation turns to prewar religious life. She regularly attended synagogue with her parents. She supported her parents with farming and milked their cow. They then discuss food customs and how her mother koshered meat. She then recites a Yiddish song from her childhood about marriage. They then talk about how to prepare gefilte fish, before the team concludes the interview. The camera cuts to the team outside, talking to Snook's daughter-in-law about potential Yiddish-speakers in the region.

The last part of the tape is recorded in Berehove. It includes the setting up of a formal interview with Vilk (Volf Shimonovich) Hodinger in Berehove. The team arrives at the synagogue in Berehove and greets Vilk Hodinger and Efraim (Efrayim) Berkovich, born 1921 in Berehove, outside. After they enter the synagogue, Hodinger gives a tour and provides personal information on himself and Berkovich. Berkovich was born in Berehove and Hodinger, born in Vynohradiv, moved there fifty years ago. Berkovich lived in America for thirty-five years. His son lives there. He returned to Berehove because his wife fell ill three years ago. In America, he worked as a carpenter.They also discuss potential interviewees in the region.

The camera cuts to the beginning of a formal interview with Hodinger. (Part 1 of 3. See MDV 363 and MDV 364) Before they begin, Hodinger provides information about potential informants and then personal information in Russian. Hodinger was born in Vynohradiv and spent his childhood years there until the beginning of World War II. The conversation moves to his life toward the end of the war and the time he was imprisoned in Auschwitz. He was imprisoned in the Vynohradiv ghetto for two months, before the Germans and Hungarians took him to Auschwitz in 1944. He remembers how Josef Mengele selected people for death or forced labor and observed incoming families being torn apart.

00:00:00 Entering house of Malke Leybovna Snook to set up interview
00:01:49 Family
00:04:14 Prewar life
00:05:20 Life during war
00:06:43 Postwar religious life and family
00:07:53 Education
00:08:28 Rebbe's grave
00:12:00 * Religious customs and prewar holiday celebration
00:14:41 Prewar occupations
00:16:08 Education and Yiddish journals
00:18:17 Yiddish theater and prewar Jewish farmers
00:20:34 Jewish shepherds and the wealthy
00:21:53 About singing
00:24:52 Family and holiday celebration
00:26:34 Returning home and family
00:28:07 Prewar life
00:28:52 "gute yidn" and religious customs
00:33:53 Prewar religious life
00:39:58 Family and food customs
00:42:45 Concluding the interview
00:43:18 Snook's daughter-in-law
00:44:54 Arrival at the synagogue in Berehove. The team arrives in Berehove at the synagogue, and greets Vilk Hodinger and Efraim (Efrayim) Berkovich
00:45:36 Tour of synagogue. The team enters the synagogue and Hodinger gives them a tour. He provides personal information on himself and Berkovich. Berkovich was born in Berehove and Hodinger, born in Vynohradiv, moved there fifty years ago.
00:52:03 Berkovich's family and potential interviewees. Berkovich lived in America for thirty-five years. His son lives there. He returned to Berehove because his wife fell ill three years ago. In America, he worked as a carpenter. They also discuss potential interviewees, and potential Yiddish-speakers in the region.
00:54:49 The camera cuts to the beginning of a formal interview with Hodinger. Hodinger provides information on potential interviewees and some personal information in Russian. Hodinger was born in Vynohradiv and spent his childhood years there until the beginning of World War II.
00:59:06 Interview begins. Hodinger was born in Vynohradiv and spent his childhood years there until the beginning of World War II. He then briefly describes the arrival of the Germans and Hungarians. He was imprisoned in the Vynohradiv ghetto for two months before he was sent to Auschwitz in 1944. He was 16 years old at the time.
He recalls how Josef Mengele would select some people for death and others for the barracks and forced labor. Hodinger then recalls observing families being torn apart.
01:02:00 End of recording.